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A Oicha, chef-lieu du territoire de Beni, des nombreux pygmées déplacés habitués à la chasse optent pour la mort à la recherche du gibier dans la brousse malgré l’activisme des présumés rebelles de l’ADF (Forces démocratiques et alliées) dans la zone. Hébergés dans des sites d’accueil, ces derniers enregistrent entre 4 et 6 morts par mois. Quelques organisations tentent d’initier des activités pour leur intégration mais certains pygmées rêvent de rentrer dans leur milieu naturel.
Assis dans sa cabane, monsieur Kimbunda Mutengu, locataire du site d’hébergement des pygmées situé à l’un de quartiers de Oicha en territoire de Beni, garde encore en tête la récente tragédie de la disparition de ses trois fils. Partis à la chasse dans les brousses environnantes, seul le chien est revenu comme pour annoncer la mauvaise nouvelle.
« C’était aux environs de 17 heures que le chien de mon fils Mula Boikene a fait irruption ici à la maison. Sa mère et moi, nous nous sommes mis à pleurer par ce que le retour du chien sans son propriétaire est significatif. » Explique impuissamment ce chef de ménage pygmée et déplacé des tueries des civils, orchestrées depuis plus de 6 ans par les ADF dans cette région de l’Est de la RDC.
« Jusqu’à l’heure où je vous parle, mes trois garçons ne sont jamais revenus. Si nous avions suivi ce chien, il nous aurait conduit jusqu’à l’endroit où ils sont restés. Nous avions eu peur de nous y rendre parce que la zone est réputée par l’activisme de l’ADF » regrette-t-il avec amertume.
« En fait, c’est un mauvais signe lorsque le chien revient de la chasse sans ses propriétaires. C’est qu’il ya quelque chose qui s’est produit en brousse », explique-t-il.
Toujours dans le même site c’est le deuil au quotidien. Il y a quelques jours c’est un autre pygmée retrouvé mort à Milimani, contrée située aux abords de cette commune. Monsieur Mbale MUMBABULA était aussi à la recherche des gibiers avant d’être intercepté sur son passage par ces rebelles ougandais de l’ADF qui l’ont décapité à la machette.
Un risque avec des statistiques troublantes
En effet, d’après Kapitula Aungo André, chef de site de déplacées pygmées de Luvangira, au quartier Oicha1er, ces personnes portent à près de 100, le nombre des pygmées tués et portés disparus dans ce seul campement à l’espace d’un an.
« En moyenne, nous perdons entre 4 et 6 personnes chaque mois et dans les mêmes circonstances. C’est très douloureux de perdre les notre chaque jour qui passe » déplore-t-il.
Par ailleurs, la situation est similaire dans d’autres villages du secteur de Beni-Mbau, au Nord de de la ville de Beni. C’est dans ce secteur où vivent de nombreux ménages des pygmées.
Il y a environ cinq mois, 3 jeunes filles ont été retrouvées mortes près de Mayimoya dans la même région. D’après les sources de la société civile locale, les victimes Mwasi Boito, Bibi Mbilika et Eliza Mbilika étaient en train de faire la pêche dans la rivière de CUGEKI lors que les assaillants supposés être des rebelles de l’ADF ont surgis dans la brousse avant de les prendre pour cible.
Peu avant ce drame, un autre groupe des chasseurs pygmées du site d’hébergement de Mabasele, à l’Ouest de Oicha, venaient de tomber dans les mailles des mêmes assaillants proche du village Maleki .
A la recherche du gibier à tout prix
La journée, le site de Luvangira est quasi désert. Tous les hommes, des jeunes en majorité, partent en brousse à la recherche du gibier. A notre arrivée, seul Kitoko Kachelewa est encore chez lui. Il nous reçoit mais veut gagner du temps en train d’aiguiser ses lances à l’aide du feu. Le lendemain, il doit se rendre à Kitevya, zone très dangereuse connue pour le passage des rebelles de l’ADF chaque fois qu’ils veulent traverser la route nationale numéro4 de l’Est vers l’Ouest.
« On meurt toujours de quelque chose. Nombreux sont entrain de mourir de la COVID-19. Les autres de la malaria et moi mon tour aura explication », lance-t-il en apprêtant ses “Mutali” (outils traditionnels faits en sticks de bois et qui servent pour la chasse des animaux chez les pygmées).
Surviens à côté, son épouse Chantal Mula avant d’argumenter presque dans le même sens.
« Certes, je ne sais pas s’il reviendra ! Sortir de la brousse, seul Dieu veillera sur lui. C’est pour ses enfants qu’il donne sa vie en sacrifice. S’il ne le fait pas, que vont-ils manger », justifie-t-elle.
« Nous n’avons rien à manger, que voulez-vous qu’on fasse ? Tout ce que nous mangeons vient de la brousse. Nous n’avons pas des champs comme vous », s’exclame Kapupa Manzikala, Père de 4 enfants.
Difficile intégration à un nouveau mode de vie
Cette situation de vulnérabilité dans laquelle sont plongés des nombreux pygmées déplacés s’explique en partie par l’absence d’une bonne approche d’intégration de cette population habituée à la vie en brousse.
Entre 2017 et 2018, le Centre de promotion de l’Agriculture pour le Développement CEPAD-RDC, a initié des microprojets en faveur de certaines couches vulnérables se trouvant en zone de santé de Oicha. C’était dans l’objectif de diminuer, tant soit peu, leur degré d’exposition face à la menace. Parmi elles, la couche de déplacés pygmées vivant dans différents sites à Oicha. Elles ont été orientés vers l’agriculture urbaine en vue de leur autonomisation.
Cependant, d’après Christian Kayambya, coordonnateur national de cette organisation, nombreux d’entre eux n’ont pas pu s’adapter à cette activité.
« Ils ont tous abandonné les portions de terrain qu’on leur avait distribué pour la culture des produits maraichères. D’autres ont tout simplement disparu avant même le terme du projet. Je pense que ce n’est pas dans leur culture » justifie-t-il.
Pour lui, la seule solution, c’est de restaurer la paix à Beni pour un retour des tous les déplacées pygmées dans leurs milieux naturels.
« Nous ne pouvons pas vivre sans la forêt, c’est impossible. Nous sommes attachés à la brousse. Elle est presque notre alliée. Je vais dire même notre dieu. Alors on ne peut pas nous imposer une nouvelle vie », ajoute pour sa part Zaburi Kisubu, pygmée de 46 ans révolus.
Il en est de même pour des Projets de distribution de cash dont-ils bénéficient de la part du Programme d’Appui aux populations autochtones PAP-RDC.
« A quoi sert cet argent ? Pensez-vous que c’est pour les aider ? C’est des sommes d’argent qui ne servent pas à les rendre autonome plutôt à développer chez eux l’esprit d’attentisme » analyse un technicien de développement rural TDR qui a requis l’anonymat.
Selon lui, si on veut aider les déplacées pygmées, il faut construire des étangs piscicoles au tour de leurs sites. « A mon avis, c’est l’unique activité qui rentre dans leur culture. Nous savons tous qu’ils vivent de la chasse, la pêche et la cueillette. Or, ils ne peuvent plus chasser les bêtes sauvages, ni cueillir des fruits sauvages. Donc, il leur faut un projet d’aménagement des étangs piscicoles » propose t-il.
En attendant, quand ils attrapent ses bêtes certains d’entre eux vendent une partie et réservent le reste pour la sauce en famille. Du coup sur le marché local, 1Kg de viande boucanée des animaux sauvages se négocient entre 7 et 10 dollars américains.
Actuellement à Oicha, sauf pour certains animaux, la viande sauvage semble être vendue sur la voix publique.
Jackson SIVULYAMWENGE
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